Marine biodiversity is the foundation for the structure and functioning of ocean ecosystems and the range of ecosystem services that benefit humans from local to global scales. Yet currently, 1358 species are threatened with extinction due to human pressures, including overexploitation, habitat destruction, pollution, invasive species and, increasingly, climate change. This primer provides an overview of the main conservation aims, approaches and actions in the marine realm, the necessary contributions from individuals and the international community, and an outlook on how we can adapt marine conservation in the face of global and climate change.
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