Climate change has profound impacts on marine life and biological processes on all levels of organisation, altering food web structure and ecosystem dynamics. This chapter briefly summarizes observed climate change impacts on marine populations and ecosystems, and then uses state-of-the-art ensemble model projections to highlight potential changes in coastal and global ocean biomass with consequences for fisheries and human development. We discuss the need for climate change adaptations in marine management and conservation, as well as ocean governance to mitigate some of the projected changes.
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